As of January 1, 2025, the total Canadian cattle and calf inventory stood at 10.94 million head, marking the smallest herd since 1988 and a 0.7% decline from the previous year[1][2][3].
Within that total:
- The Canadian beef cow herd numbered 3.38 million head, down 1.2% (or about 40,800 head) from the previous year and the smallest since 1989[2][1].
- Beef heifers retained for breeding were 521,000 head, up 1%—showing some potential for slow herd rebuilding but not enough to offset the decline in mature cows[2][1].
- The total number of cattle on beef operations was 9.07 million[3].
Regionally, every province except Ontario and Quebec saw a drop in beef cow numbers. The shrinkage of the herd, despite strong prices, is attributed to ongoing factors such as poor weather (especially on the Prairies), succession challenges, and competition for agricultural land[2][4].
While there are early signs that herd liquidation may be slowing and that some producers are retaining more replacement heifers, significant herd expansion is not yet visible and will likely require several years of improved conditions[2][5][6][7].
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- https://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/articles/schulz/SchMar25.html
- https://www.canadiancattlemen.ca/beef-watch/total-canadian-cattle-calf-numbers-shrink-again/
- https://www.syngenta.ca/market-news/canadian-cattle-numbers-down-but-rate-of-decline-slows
- https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/canada-s-cattle-herd-is-the-smallest-in-decades-here-s-what-that-means-for-alberta-ranchers-1.7311013
- https://okotoksonline.com/articles/canadian-cattle-industry-looking-at-strong-potential-in-2025-despite-trade-issues
- https://www.fcc-fac.ca/en/knowledge/economics/cattle-herd-declines-amidst-strong-prices
- https://www.grainews.ca/markets/fccs-charts-to-consider-in-2025/
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